Mystery Leaf Mines (and other moth feeding sign)

1. Distinctive frass mass extruded from underside of Ilex verticillata leaf crimped by a blotch mine. 4 mm cocoon. Very common in MA; saw once or twice on Nemopanthus as well.

2. Skeletonizer between two tied black locust leaflets (VT). Is this Gelechiidae: Filatima pseudacaciella?

3. Boxelder (TN). This would seem to be Caloptilia negundella, but there are silk straps attached to the outside of the roll.

4. Christmas fern (Polystichym acrostichoides) leaf tier, very common in MA. I have seen similarly rolled, and frass-filled, tops of several other ferns: Dryopteris intermedia, Onoclea sensibilis, Athyrium filix-femina, and Osmunda cinnamomea, with a somewhat different style of tying on sword fern in WA.

5. Red maple (MA) - hides in a small flap, feeding externally. Identical sign on canyon maple in Utah.

6. Elm leaf, crumpled and skeletonized from below (MA). Another common species does the same on black cherry.

7. Amelanchier; upper one appears to have begun as a linear mine?

8. Sassafras (MD); any reason to doubt Caloptilia sassafrasella?

9. Staghorn sumac roll (VT). There appears to be a substantial silk tent in the center of the roll.

10. Birch (river birch, I believe; WI). 5 mm larva.

11. Flap at base of witch hazel leaf. Very common in MA; some with holes eaten all the way through.

12. Vine maple roll with glossy white cocoon (WA).